The concept in Ecology and Ecosystem

Ecology Interdiction

·
The word” Ecology” comes from two Greek words
“Ikos” which means “Home” and “Logus” which means “Study”. So it is the
study of organisms with respect to their house or dwelling place.

·
German scientist Ernest Haeckel coined the
term “Ecology” in 1866.

·
Ecology is the scientific study of the relationship between organisms and their environment.

·
It studies how the organism interacts with its
environment and with other organisms.

Ecology Definition

·
According to Ernest Haeckel (1869), Ecology is defined
as “The scientific study of the interaction between organism and their
environment.

·
According to Wood Bury (1954), Ecology is a science that investigates organisms in relation to their environment.

Importance of Ecology

·
It ensures people understand the impact of
their actions on the life of the plant as well as on each other.

·
Helps in environmental conservation and enhances
energy conservation.

·
Promote eco-friendliness.

·
Aids in disease and pest control.

Eco-System

·
An Eco-System is a community of living organisms
in conjunction with the non-living components of their environment interacting
as a system.

·
The term “Eco-System” was first coined by A.G.
Transley (British Ecologist) in 1935.

·
Example: Ponds, Lakes, Grass Lands, Forest,
Desert, etc.

Definition of
Eco-System

·
E.P. Odum defined “Eco-System as the fundamental
unit of ecology, which includes both organism and non-living or abiotic
environment, each influencing the properties of others and both necessary for
the maintenance of life as we have it on the earth”.

Components of the Eco-System

The Ecosystem comprises two types of components.

1.
Abiotic components (Non-Living Environment)

·
Climatic Conditions and Temperature.

·
Inorganic substances (Water, Carbon, Nitrogen,
Sulfur, Phosphorus)

·
Organic substances (Protein, Carbohydrates)

2.
Biotic components (Living Organisms)

·
Producer (Autotrophic organism, largely green
plants, trees, crops, grasses, etc.)

·
Consumer (Heterotrophic organism, chiefly
animals)

·
De-Composer (Heterotrophic organism but depend
upon dead organic matter for its food like microorganism)

Types of Eco-System

The ecosystem is broadly divided into two types:

1.
Terrestrial Eco-System

2.
Aquatic Eco-System

Various types of ecosystems have developed due to the
interaction of climate with parent rock material and the available flora and
fauna.

1.
Terrestrial
Eco-System

A.
Forest Eco-System

B. Grassland Eco-System

i.
Tropical

ii.
Temperate

iii.
Alpine

C.
Savanna Eco-System

I.
High Savanna

II.
Moist Sal Savanna

III.
Dry Savanna

IV.
Saline Savanna

V.
Low alluvial savanna wood land

D.
Dessert Eco-System

E.
Tundra Eco-System

F.
Charpal Eco-System

G.
Mangrove Eco-System

2.
Aquatic
Eco-System

·
It occupies about 70% of the total area of
Earth.

·
About 97.2% of the total aquatic ecosystem is
covered by ocean and the rest 2.8% is covered by freshwater.

·
It is of three types:

i.
Inland water (River, Stream, Lake, Pond)

ii.
Ocean water (Ocean)

iii.
Estuarine water (Saltwater lake)

2. Meaning and Definition of Anthropology

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